Standard Solutions -Plasa line

(0.9% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P.) (Normal Saline)

Therapeutic Class

Isotonic crystalloid salt solution

Description and Composition

A clear, colorless solution each 1000 ml. of which contains:

Indications

• Trauma
• Hypovolemic states such as prolonged vomiting.
• Environmental emergencies
• Diabetic ketoacidosis.
• H.H.N.C.
• Useful for dilution of medications, as a flushing agent for rapid I.V. medication administration, and irrigation solution for eyes, wounds, and bladder wash after prostate surgery.
• Can be used in children to keep vein open.
• Management of hypercalcemia.

Dosage and Administration

Plasaline should be administered according to the clinical condition of the patient, age, and body weight.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, non-ketotic coma (H.H.N.C.) may require 500 – 1000mL/hour if blood glucose is greatly elevated and patients are hypotensive and/or dehydrated.

Duration of Action and Excretion

Passes out of the bloodstream quite rapidly, especially when normal renal function and renal blood flow are present.

Adverse Effects

• Fluid overload and congestive heart failure.
• Edema.
• Electrolyte imbalance.
• Hyperchloremic acidosis.
• Hypertension.

Contraindications

• Congestive heart failure.

Precautions

• Care is required in those cases where salt intake is restricted, such as in hypertensive patients.
• In patients where sodium losses exceed chloride losses, it can cause hyperchloremia and hyperchloremic acidosis.
• Infusion of large volumes may cause dilutional acidosis due to the dilution of the bicarbonate concentration in the plasma.
• Care is required in conditions where hypokalemia and/or hypocalcemia exists or may arise.
• Caution should be exercised in patients with renal failure and in those with reduced urinary output.
• Continuous infusion of Plasaline may cause hypernatremia, unless free water is supplied along with it.
• Monitor E.C.G. continuously.
• Frequently monitor vital signs.
• Frequently auscultate breath sounds for rales.

Tonicity and Osmolarity

Isotonic solution having a tonicity of 150.

Isosmotic solution (308 mOsm/L)

Caloric Value

Nil

Pharmaceutical Precautions

• Normal Saline is compatible with almost all drugs.
• Store at room temperature. Protect from sunlight.
• Do not use if bottle is leaking, solution is cloudy, or contains foreign matter.
• Discard unused portion.
• Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.

Packaging

100ml in polyolefin plastic bottles with Specific Pilfer Proof Filter (SPPF) Cap.

500ml and 1000ml in Plabottle.

Pharmacological Effects

• Expands circulating volume by approximating sodium content of the blood.
• Each liter provides 150 mEq of sodium and 150 mEq of chloride.
• The pH range is 3.5 - 7.5.